Abstract  Amphotericin B (AmB) is a polyene antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus and has been used for >50 years in the treatment of acute systemic fungal infections. In the present study, we demonstrated that lysine, an essential amino acid, could enhance the effect of AmB against Candida albicans in vitro, although lysine itself did not exert a fungicidal effect. In addition, the combination of AmB with lysine could provide an enhanced action against Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans compared with AmB alone. Lysine could also enhance the antifungal effect of caspofungin or nystatin. An enhanced effect of the combination of lysine with AmB was observed for the prevention of biofilm and hypha formation. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that lysine-mediated oxidative damage, such as the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species, may be the mechanism underlying the enhancing effect of lysine on AmB. Our results also showed that CaMCA1 gene plays an important role in increasing the sensitivity of C. albicans cells upon AmB treatment. Using AmB together with lysine may be a promising strategy for the therapy of disseminated candidiasis.

Keywords   Candida albicans; amphotericin B; lysine; biofilm; reactive oxygen species

Received   2015-9-6　　
Accepted  2015-10-18

Funding  This work was supported by the grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB531602) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81271798, 81273474, and 81330083).

* Correspondence address  Tel: +86-21-81871357; Fax: +86-21-65490641; E-mail: [email protected] (Y.J.)/Tel: +86-21-81871331; Fax: +86-21-65490641; E-mail: [email protected] (Y.C.)

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