Brief Biography:
Xin-yuan Liu, Molecular Biologist, was born on November 1927 in
Hunan Province，China. He graduated from
Department of Chemistry，Nankai University in 1952,
then worked in Hebei medical school from 1952-1957, completed his master thesis
from 1960-1963 at Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry (SIB), Chinese Academy of
Sciences (CAS), and was assigned to work in this institute till 2000.He went to
USA and worked as a visiting scientist in Roche Institute of Molecular Biology
in 1983-1984. From 2000-date, he
worked in the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS. He was promoted as associate professor
in 1979, as full professor in 1985 and as a supervisor for PhD student in the
same year. Now about 50 master and
PhD student have been graduated from his lab. He
has published more than 280 papers and compiled 8 volumes of Xin-yuan Liu’s collected papers and got more than 30 times different awards,
among them, there are many first or second class award, therefore, he was
elected as an Academician of Chinese Academy of Science in 1992, as a Foreign
Academician of National Academy of Ukraine in 1992, as an Academician of The
Third World Academy of Science in 2001.
Now he has been laureated three Academicians.
Many projects had been
carried out in his lab:
1. Structrue-function of
RNA: He firstly found the rare bases in high molecular weight
RNA(rRNA), a part work of the first class Natural Science Prize of CAS;
2. Synthesis of RNA: In the total
synthesis of yeast Ala-tRNA, he developed an enzymatic method to synthesize
several oligoN with rare base which could not be succeeded by chemical methods,
giving very important contribution to this project;
3. Genetic engineering: Expression of γ-interferon (IFN-γ) reached high level up to
60-80% of total bacterial proteins, which was hardly occurred in literature and
was elected as one of the 10 top achievement of CAS in 1990, also got first
class award of scientific progress prize of CAS. After getting market license, a National second class award
of scientific progress prize was offered.
The studies of IL-2 from genetic engineering to clinical use got another
National second scientific progress prize;
4. Mechanism of IFN-Action: Discovered many
new functions of the interferon mediator 2’-5’ A and proved the existence of its receptor, the firstly found
receptor of an oligoN in the world;
5. Analgesic effect of
Interleukin-2: Discovered the analgesic effect of IL-2, its active center and
IL-2 gene therapy to prolong the half life time of the analgesic effect to 300
fold (using lipofectAmine as vector) and 1500 fold (using Adv. as vector). Further more they found that IL-2 could
bind to the opioid receptor, which was the first time in the world to provide
substantial data for the regulatory effect of an immune molecule on the
function of nerve system, and finally they found the suppression effect of IL-2
on morphine withdrawal syndrome;
6. Signal transudation: This had been
the “95” key project of
CAS. About twenty papers have been published in the international famous
Journals;
7. Gene Therapy of Parkinson’s Disease: Good results have been already published in famous journals such as
“Human Gene Therapy” etc.;
8. Gene-virus therapy of
cancer: This is a new strategy for cancer treatment which was recently been
developed by Prof. Liu and outstanding results have been obtained.
From the above statement, it can be seen that Prof. Liu always made
good contribution and sometime outstanding contribution in his studies, such as
first discovery, first report, not be substitutional, hardly learned etc, a lot
of success have been obtained.
Therefore he was laureate different honor title such as Outstanding
scientist, Advanced worker, Superior innovator and superior mentor etc. In addition, he got the Academician
title of the Third World Academy of Science and a big award of HLHL prize in
2001 and was offered as a councilor of World High Technology Society in
2002. Since he resigned the
president position of Hua Xin High Biotechnology Inc. from 1999 and put his
total energy in science research, he got excellent results and papers. The IF value of his papers ranked the
first position in 2000 in Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, a second prize in
the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology in 2001, also very good score in
2002 and will be more better in 2003.
Recent researches:
the major researches of Prof. Liu are application and basis studies
on the targeting gene virus therapy of cancer. The gene-virus of cancer is a new strategy developed by him,
that is a combined efforts of both gene therapy and virus therapy. In the past, there is no big progress
of cancer gene therapy, while there are big breakthroughs by the combined use
of ONYX-015 virus therapy with chemotherapy. A total response of 63% was obtained, among them, one of the
tumor sizes in about 10cm diameter was completely eliminated. However, the therapeutic effect of
ONYX-015 (which can not insert antitumor gene) alone is 15-20%. In the lab of Prof. Liu, a vector
called pZD55, which can insert an antitumor killer gene, was constructed. In pZD55, the 55Kd gene in Adv. E1B
region was deleted which made this vector transudation only into tumor cells
and not normal cells. After
inserting antitumor gene into pZD55 to form pZD55-gene (called virus gene or
gene virus) it will target only to tumor cells and not to normal cells and was called
targeting gene-virus Therapy of Cancer.
In the lab of Prof. Liu, a lot of important antitumor killer gene were
available such as Smac Trail (tTrail) and IL-12 etc. By the combined use of them, tumors in animal model were
completely eliminated. In
addition, they have many tumor specific promoters. By using them, very good results have been also
obtained. Especially they have the
third generation of adenovirus vector, the Gutless (GL) Vector, which has no
antigenicity and could not be eliminated by its induced antibodies. It should be a best vector. Furthermore, a regulable targeting
gene-virus system for cancer therapy was developed. In this system, two expression cassettes have been inserted
into the GL-vector, one is called Trans-Activator cassette which will produce a
trans-activator (TA), the other is called antitumor cassette which will produce
antitumor gene. In this system, TA
is expressed by the control of telemerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) which is
consisted of more than 85% tumor cell, and the antitumor gene is expressed by the control of RU486 to activated TA. In normal cell, TA can not be expressed
since TA is controlled by cancer specific TERT, while without RU486, the
antitumor cassette can not be worked.
Therefore this is a regulable Targeting antitumor vector, which will
work only in TERT controlled tumor cell and in the presence of the regulatory
molecule RU486 which will never work in normal cells or without RU486
presence. It will be sure that
this system will be give good contribution to fight with cancer. In addition to the antitumor studies,
they already have found the analgesic effect of IL-2 and the suppression effect
of IL-2 on morphine withdrawal syndrome.
A series of these findings in Prof. Liu’s lab made them
in a leading position worldwide in this field and will be further studied.
Major Publications: (With the IF value higher than 3.0)
1.
Liu, X.Y. et al (1981) “Mechanism of
interferon action: Role of pppA2’p5’A2’p5’A in the Biology of the Interferon System (E. de Maeyer et al.
eds.)”. Elsevier/North Holland, p.115, cited in C. A.
96:102223z
2.
Wang, T.P and Liu, X.Y (1983) “Synthesis of 3’-half molecular of yeast alanine tRNA”. Scientia Sinica, (English edition), 26:
482-494..
3.
Smith, J.H. Liu,
X.Y(1984) “Regulation of interferon synthesis
and action” in “Interferon and Their Application”.
4.
Liu, X.Y., Li, B.L. and Li, S.W. (1986) “Measurement of a receptor for (2’-5’) Oligoadenylate on macrophages”. “Methods in Enzymology”, Academic Press,
Inc.119:351-356.
5.
Liu, X.Y. et al. (1986) “Assay of effect
of (2’-5’) -Oligoadenylate
on macrophages” “Methods in Enzymology”, Academic Press,
Inc. 119:676-681.
6.
Li, B.L. and Liu, X.Y (1985) “Mechanism of
Interferon Action VIII. The Discovery of pppA2’p5A2’p5’A Receptor”. Scientia
Sinica, 28(7): 697-706.
7.
Li,B.L Liu,X.Y.(1990)”a-Interferon
Structure and Natural Killer Cell Stimulatory Activity”. Cancer Research,
50:5328-5332.
8.
Hu, Z.H. Liu, X.Y.
(1993) “Nucleotide sequence of the
Buzura suppressaria single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin
gene”. J. General Virology 74: 1617-1620.
9.
Jiang, C.L. Liu, X.Y.
(1995), “Multiple Actions of
Cytokines on the CNS”. Trends in Neurosciences, 18: 296
10.
Wang, Z.Y .Liu,X.Y.(1995), ”Substitution at
the Glu62 Residue of Human Interleukin-2 Differentially Action Its Binding to
the αChain and theβγComplex of the
Interleukin-2 Receptor”. Eur J. Immunol, 25:
1212-1216
11.
Cao, L. Liu, X.Y.
(1995) “Gene Therapy of Parkinson
Disease Model Rat by Direct Injection of Plasmid DNA-Lipofectin Complex”. Human Gene Therapy, 6: 1497-1501178.
12.
Wang, Y Liu, X.Y. (1997) “The analgesic
domain of IL-2”. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun., 230 (3):542-545.
13.
Ge, K. Liu, X.Y.
(1997) “Transduction of cytosine
deaminase gene makes rat glioma cells highly sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine”. Int. J. Cancer, 71:675-679.
14.
Lu, L.R. Liu, X.Y.
(1998) “Jak-STAT pathway is involved
in the induction of TNF-b gene during stimulation by IL-2.” Eur. J. Immunol. 28:805-810.
15.
Sabine Herblot Liu, X.Y. et al. (1999) “IL-2-Dependent Expression of Genes Involved in Cytoskeleton
Organization, Oncogene Regulation, and Transcriptional Control”. The Journal of Immunology, 162: 3280-3288
16.
Cao, L. , Liu, X.Y.
(2000) “Long-term phenotypic
correction of rodent hemiparkinsonism by gene therapy using genetically
modified myoblasts”. Gene Therapy, 7: 445-449
17.
Zhai, Q.W. , Liu, X.Y. (2000) “Copper Induces
Apoptosis in BA/F3βCells: Bax,ReactiveOxygen
Species, and NFkB are Involved”. J. of Cellular Physiol,
184: 161-170
18.
Ji, H.B., Liu, X.Y. (2000) “Novel Protein
MAJN Binds to Jak3 and Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by IL-2 Deprival”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 270: 267-271
19.
Yan, M.D., Liu, X.Y. (2000). “Induction of
Ref-1 Ensures AP-1 Activation in Intracellular Oxidative Environment of IL-2- Stimulated BA/F 3βCells”. Biochem. and Biophys. Res.
Commun., 278(2): 462-469
20.
Jayagopala Reddy., Liu, X.Y. (2001). “IL-2-induced
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –βexpression:
further analysis in the IL-2 knockout model, and comparison with TNF-α, lymphotoxin-β, TNFR1 and TNFR2 modulation”. Int. lmmunology,13(2):135-147
21.
Zou WG, Liu, X. Y.(2001) “Cobalt Chloride
Induces PC12 Cells Apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species and Accompanied by
AP-1 Activation”, J. of Neuroscience Res.,
64: 646-653
22.
Tang, W, Liu, X.Y.(2001)”Critical Sites
for the Interaction between IL-2R g and JAK3 and the following Signaling”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 283(3): 598-605
23.
Jin-hui Wang, Xin-yuan Liu (2002). “Blocking HSF1 by
Dominant-Negative Mutant to Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Hyperthermia”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 290(5): 1454-61
24.
Ming-zhong Yao, Xin-yuan Liu (2002). “Interleukin-2
Gene Therapy of Chronic Neuropathic Pain”. Neuroscience,
112(2): 409-416
25. Weiguo Zou,
Xinyuan Liu (2002). “Involvement of Caspase-3 and
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Cobalt Chloride-Induced Apoptpsis in
PC12 Cells.”. J.Neuroscience Res.,
67(6):837-43